Protecting Customer Data Is Important For Integrity And...

Protecting customer data is highly important for the integrity and reputation of any firm. Without securing customer information, a firm is destined to fail and possibly face harsh legal penalties in the process. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to the organization as well as the customers to identify and practice ways to keep it safe from internal and external threats. To do this, it is imperative to have strong security architecture with sound policies in place and do business online safely within the Intranet of the firm and online over the Internet. Kudler Fine Foods’ customers place orders with the firm online, so they will have to be comfortable in continuing their patronage with the organization. There are a couple of†¦show more content†¦Best practices are â€Å"keeping a clean machine, automate software updates, scanning all new devices, using a firewall, using spam filters, and showing your commitment to security†, (Stay Safe Online, 2014). By following the best practices, a firm will be able to secure their information much easier. System and security definitions are changing all the time due to updates and upgrades, so automating the updates to the internal systems is a necessity. Doing routine security scans on all embedded devices is also a necessary task. If a component does not pass the scan test, then it needs to be repaired or replaced depending on the recommendations of the IT manager. Firewalls and spam filters built in to the systems will aid in keeping out intrusions and will help i n authenticating users. Sometimes viruses will piggy back on, or be embedded into an email or clickable ads that are harmful to the system and can destroy the systems in an organization. Antivirus software such as Symantec’s ® Norton ® product can automatically rid the system of these threats. Letting the customer know that the firm is taking all necessary precautions and displaying policies as well as security icons, such as VeriSign ® and Trust-E ® on the website will demonstrate to the website visitors that Kudler Fine Foods has a commitment to security. Let’s take a look at the framework of suitable customer protection security architecture. It consists of three main

Humanitarian Assistance For Humanitarian Aid Essay

Humanitarian Operations Donny S. Vaiau 16 November 2016 Abstract Humanitarian aid is the â€Å"material and logistic assistance to people in need. It is usually short-term help until the long-term help by government and other institutions replaces it. Among the people in need are the homeless, refugees, victims of natural disasters, wars and famines. The primary purpose of humanitarian aid is to save lives, reduce suffering and respect to human dignity† (Wikipedia, 2016). The U.S. Army has served at home and abroad, responding with humanitarian aid. Natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes and floods and man-made disasters such as war and terrorist attacks keep humanitarian operations and response, an important part of military training. This paper explores the U.S. Army’s response in several humanitarian aid missions. Humanitarian Operations The U.S. Army Active, Reserves and National Guardsmen have responded to several natural disasters on U.S. soil in recent history. The U.S. Army’s need for response depends on the extent of damage, potential casualties and when the state or county has exhausted all local emergency response. One of the most important basic human needs is access to safe drinking water after a natural disaster hits. Hurricanes, earthquakes, or tsunamis can flood areas, compromise sewage systems and disable systems that provide safe drinking water to areas affected by these natural disasters. The Army’s Petroleum and Water Systems (PAWS)Show MoreRelatedHumanitarian Assistance For Humanitarian Aid1697 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors. Therefore, it’s important to look for other responses that allow humanitarian aid to assist the people that need it and protect against escalating the conflict by having their resources support the militant. When militants take advantage of the humanitarian aid supplies, the intentions of the humanitarian aid is being used for something completely different from the values and principles of humanitarian work. Humanitarian aid workers intend to help feed the refugee, not feed the militants thatRead MoreThe Good Project Humanitarian Relief Ngos And T he Fragmentation Of Reason1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"The Good Project Humanitarian Relief NGOs and the Fragmentation of Reason† (Chicago University Press 2014), Krause examined the shared space of humanitarian relief organizations; she also has done some research with comparative questions, about the forms of organization, professions, expertise, and fields of practice. She addressed how agencies manage their commitments to specific causes, people and territories. Krause mainly focuses on how organizations make decisions about how to allocate resourcesRead MoreArgument Against Military Intervention For Humanitarian Relief1693 Words   |  7 PagesMILITARY INTERVENTION FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF An understanding of where the Syrian healthcare system stood before the civil war, the toll of the fighting and intentional targeting of medical personnel/infrastructure, ongoing humanitarian efforts, and America’s actions to date enable an informed evaluation of whether or not to use American military forces in a humanitarian assistance role in Syria. This context allows for an examination of the limitations of humanitarian aid, the advantages/disadvantagesRead MoreInternational Relations And Forced Migration1618 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity threat refugees may impose on states and/or individuals. This essay illustrates how the militarization of refugee camps by â€Å"warrior refugees† who recruit within the refugee community and exploit humanitarian aid, pose a significant security threat to the sending state, the humanitarian community, and refugees who are susceptible to being used as military weapons during a conflict (ibid.). It also uses the Rwanda case study to demonstrate how a receiving state that does not have the meansRead MoreYemens Water Crisis and the Pending Destabilization1671 Words   |  7 Pagesinterests in the HOA. In order for the Horn of Africa to remain stable the United States needs to take a different approach with its humanitarian efforts in Yemen, utilizing the full support of the military. If delivery and implementation of humanitarian aid are not planned and coordinated with full military operational support the process will be doomed, as so many humanitarian efforts have been in the past. Specifically if the water crisis in Yemen is not addressed it will destabilize the country causingRead MoreSouth Syrian City Of Deraa Devolved Into A Full Blown Civil Conflict1211 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent concern about the humanitarian crisis is whether the aid is reaching refugees or being diverted in ways that bolster a prolonged civil war. For this essay’s purpose, aid is defined as â€Å"aid and action designed to save lives, alleviate suffering and maintain and protect human dignity during and in the aftermath of man-made crises and natural disasters, as well as to prevent and strengthen preparedness for the occurrence of such situations.† Although the current aid set-up is intended to coverRead MoreActors in the Humanitarian Community683 Words   |  3 Pageswhen dealing with humanitarian aids after a disaster,whether man-made or of natural cause. It is then of utmost importance that all the actors in the humanitarian community knows their roles and get their acts together harmoniously. Figure 1 shows the link between these different actors and how they work together (GHA Report, 2011). Who are then these actors within the humanitarian community? Actors in the Humanitarian Community Government A government’s role within the humanitarian community can beRead MoreEssay The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC 300 Submitted to: Prof. Bernard Curry Feb. 11, 2014 Submitted by: Roberto Tan III SU200096169 There so much said and written about foreign aid that it has become difficult to justify its effectiveness. But if we look at the overall picture in the eye of citizens of a developing country, an honest assessment might conclude that progress has been made. Though, profound social disparities and extreme poverty are still lurking in someRead MoreHumanitarianism Is A Complex Task958 Words   |  4 PagesIntervention in humanitarianism can take on a direct approach that attempts to intervene and stop human rights violations. This form of humanitarianism is comparable to confrontation, whereby humanitarians stand in between potential victims and perpetrators. Pure humanitarianism does not assume assistance in exchange for anything. Colonial interpretations of humanitarianism were more related to â€Å"the white man’s burden.† It was a duty to help indigenous people by forcing onto them so-called appropriateRead MoreA Bed For The Night : Humanitarianism1131 Words   |  5 PagesHumanitarian action is what the world turns to in case there is a crisis in any part of the world. But as David Rieff suggests in his book, â€Å"A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis,† there is a crisis in the humanitarian world and space. He draws from first personal experience in places like Bosnia, Rwanda and Kosovo to tell how some of the challenges humanitarian organizations face; including their struggle to be neutral and apolitical. He also points out big powers, that is, donors have

Dunlap V. Tennessee Valley Authority free essay sample

What were the legal issues in this case? In the case of Dunlap VS Tennessee Valley Authority, the legal issue that was presented was discrimination, disparate treatment and disparate impact. According to the EEOC, race discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race (such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features). Color discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because of skin color complexion. The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects workers from discrimination, and when it comes to the case, discrimination was seen in many ways. For starters, when it came to the interviewing process, there were 5 white officials and 1 black which showed that the room was not balance. Next, when it came to the scoring, he received lower scores than the whites. The next issue that showed discrimination was when it came to the attendance record of the workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Dunlap V. Tennessee Valley Authority or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two of the workers who were Caucasian, had the same attendance as Dunlap, and they received a better ranking. Also, Dunlap had a perfect safety record and received a score of a 4; while a white applicant who was at the job for eleven, had 2 accidents within those years and received a score of 6. Dunlap was not the only African American to have problems with TVA when it came to discrimination as well. The suit that was brought against TVA was for discrimination under disparate impact and treatment. Disparate impact theory requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that the facility falls harshly on one group than another; disparate treatment requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that an employer has treated some people badly because of the race, age, gender or any other discrimination factor (Walsh, 2010). The district court found many filings along with the fact that Dunlap had been subjected to discrimination under both disparate treatment, concluding that TVA’s subjective hiring processes permitted racial bias against both Dunlap and other black applicants (Walsh, 2010). According to the text subjective criteria is assessing candidates that are not uniform and clearly specified, and when it came to Dunlap and the facts that were presented subjective hiring was conducted. The Appeals Court affirmed the disparate treatment claim, reversed the disparate impact claim, and affirmed the district court’s award of damages and fees to Mr. Dunlap (Walsh, 2010) Explain why the plaintiffs disparate (adverse) impact claim fail? The reason that disparate impact failed is because when it comes discriminatory actions in this theory, proof is not required. The disparate impact theory requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that an apparently neutral employment practice affects one group more harshly than another and that the practice is not justified by business necessity. A prima face case is established when the plaintiff identifies a specific employment practice to be challenged; and through relevant statistical analysis proves that the challenged practice has an adverse impact on a protected group. When it comes to the case, discrimination was seen, but never affects more than one class. Glass ceiling in the book is referred to artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organizational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing in there organization to upper management. The reason that glass ceiling is seen is because when it comes to the interviewing process, there was only 1 black interviewer. Then when it came to the recruits, even if there work effort was poor and they were white, there scores was higher than the African Americans. But because discrimination is a fact that is null and void in this theory and because discrimination doesn’t matter, thats why it failed. The only criteria Mr. Dunlap could prove was that the interview process had been manipulated to exclude African-American candidates, and how the scoring was different for blacks and whites. So in the essence in this theory, it was a challenge to prove it because Dunlap only had his interview Explain why the plaintiffs disparate treatment claim succeed? The reason disparate treatment was successful was because it requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that an employer has treated some people less favorably than others because of their race, color, religion, sex or national origin. The first fact was the manipulating of the score. In this case, Dunlap was able to prove that the matrix process was pretext for discrimination. After the district court did some investigation, they found that some of sheets had been changed more than 70 times, and there was no reason what so ever for the change. Dunlap said the matrix score was manipulated to keep him out of the top ten applicants. Another reason it was a success was because William Parchman, an African-American with thirty years of experience as a boilermaker that was also rejected. He played a vital role in the suit because of the problems he encountered to become employed with TVA. He provided testimony hat he had a history of being rejected for jobs and promotions at the company. He also stated that the only reason got the boilermaker position was after he filed a complaint with the EEOC. Other facts that showed discrimination was evidence before the district court when it came to the weight given to the interview and how it was changed, questions in the interv iew was not evaluated objectively, and the scores were altered to produce a racially biased result. Bottom line is that when it comes to discrimination, it was proven in several ways, and the district court committed no error in finding disparate treatment. The court saw how discrimination was seen from different people, and Dunlap was not the only worker that felt that way. What should the TVA have done differently with regard to interviewing and selecting candidates for these jobs? When it comes to interviewing candidates, whats should of been done differently is looking at the applicants work history thoroughly. The first thing that should have been looked at first is education. When workers have education, they are better qualified because they will know how to think outside if the box. If an applicant didnt have the education, then TVP sould look at experience as well as work performance. When looking at experience, factors that should  be viewed are supervisory experience along with performance and safety in the workplace. In the interviewing process, things that could have been different is interviewing with one interviewer at a time. Also the questions could have been different for each interviewer so that everyone was not following the same pattern. All of the scores would be the same, but the questions would be different and give the best candidates for the job. Another thing that could have been different is having a manager present in the room to grab and check the papers when the interview is finish. By a manager being there to verifying the score, there is not chance that manipulating could happen with the scoring. If this type of approach would have been used, the selecting process would have been different because no interviewer or candidate would have the same response. But the scores would show the real qualified applicants, and they would deserve the promotion. Nothing would be bias and scores could not be altered.

Hamlet Sane or Insane free essay sample

Hamlet-Sane or Insane In the book Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamlet comes off as a sane character pretending to be insane. In order to come up with a conclusion, one must know the real definition of sane and insane because in today’s day the word â€Å"insane† is used very loosely. Hamlets actions towards certain characters in the book can tell you that he may really just be a sane acting insane. To his credit Hamlet’s sanity remains unknown, but it is well guessed that Hamlet’s sanity has changed throughout the book just to confuse the reader. We know that in the book Hamlet, Hamlet is disgusted and depressed about the whole fact that his mother has gotten remarried to his uncle Claudius right after his father’s death. This obviously has bothered Hamlet and has put him in a not so stable mind set, which can show us that his father’s death can be the main reason why Hamlet acting the way he is. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Sane or Insane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Hamlet first came off as a character â€Å"pretending† to be insane was in Act 1 Scene 5. After the ghost of King Hamlet tells Hamlet Claudius is the one who murdered his father, Hamlet begins to plan his next step.Here, he warns his friends that he will put on an antic disposition, which results in the delay of Hamlets revenge. â€Å"How strange or odd soeer I bear myself, As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition on†, which means clown act to pretend to be a madman. This shows that Hamlet is saying himself that he is just acting crazy. Then later on in Act 2 Hamlet starts looking and acting very strange towards Ophelia. Ophelia tells her father Polonius what hamlet has done. My lord, as I was sewing in my closet, Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced; No hat upon his head; his stockings fould, Ungarterd, and down-gyved to his ancle;Pale as his shirt; his knees knocking each other; And with a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell To speak of horrors,—he comes before me. † He took me by the wrist and held me hard; Then goes he to the length of all his arm;And, with his other hand thus oer his brow, He falls to such perusal of my face As he would draw it.Long stayd he so; At last, a little shaking of mine arm And thrice his head thus waving up and down, He raised a sigh so piteous and profound As it did seem to shatter all his bulk And end his being: that done, he lets me go: And, with his head over his shoulder turnd, He seemd to find his way without his eyes; For out o doors he went without their helps, And, to the last, bended their light on me. † (Act 2 Scene 1). Ophelia and Polonius are now all convinced Hamlet has gone insane and as the reader you may think so as well but this is all part of Hamlets plan. If Hamlet really were going insane Hamlet would not have the right intelligence to come up with such a good plan and think it through. Hamlet would not be aware of what he is doing if he really were insane but Hamlet is very cautious of what is going on, especially knowing what Claudius’s plan is on sending Rosencratz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet (Act 2 Scene 2) â€Å"I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw. † Hamlet is telling them he knows what they were sent for.

American History free essay sample

Make ensure that you answer all parts of the question. Each answer should be at a minimum two to three pages in length and doubled spaced. You can use any sources to develop your answers to include the internet. You do not have to cite the sources. 1. What fundamental factors drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World? What was the impact on the Indians, Europeans, and Africans when each of their previously separate worlds â€Å"collided† with one another? What caused the shift from indentured servant to African slaves as the dominant labor force in the southern colonies? 2. Who were the Puritans and how did Puritans organize their local communities? Why did the religious fervor of New England Puritans decline after 1660? How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought? What efforts were made to strengthen English control over the colonies in the seventeenth century, and why did they generally fail? What were the causes of the Bacon Rebellion and what impact did the rebellion have on Virginia politics and slavery? 4. We will write a custom essay sample on American History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Identify the basic beliefs and assumptions of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening. How did these two movements affect colonial development? How did the American colonies move from loyalty to protest to rebellion in the twelve years following the end of the French and Indian War? What were the differences between the First and Second Continental Congress? What were the causes and consequences of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776? Why did Americans choose not only to break from Britain, but to adopt a republican form of government? What advantages and disadvantages did the American rebels and the British possess as the war began? Why was the Battle of Saratoga such a key to American success in the Revolutionary War? What role did France play in winning the America’s independence and what were the long term implications for France? . Which problems of the post-Revolutionary period and weaknesses of the Article of Confederation lead to the adoption of a new Constitution? What were the basic features of the new Constitution, and how did it differ from the government under the Articles of Confederation? Who were the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist, what were the issues that divided them, and why did the Federalist win? 8. Discuss the issues of John Adams’s presidency, and explain how he and the country dealt with dissent. Discuss the significance of the XYZ Affair, the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. 9. Define Jeffersonian Democracy, and explain Jefferson’s domestic and foreign policies. Discuss the significance of the Louisiana Purchase and how his presidency both defined and contradicted that political philosophy. 10. What was the essential idea behind Jefferson’s imposition of the embargo, and why did it finally fail? What were the causes of the War of 1812 and why was New England opposed to the War of 1812?

The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody Battles

The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody Battles Free Online Research Papers With divorce rates ever rising in Canada issues surrounding parenting after divorce are becoming more and more prevalent. As it stands 31% of marriages in Canada are ending in divorce. Of the 31% of marriages that end in divorce an even smaller portion end up in litigation. (Schuller Ogloff, 2002, p. 393) As a legal assistant in a family law office I see many of the most complex family custody disputes and many instances where the Court appoints a Psychologist to assist in the Judge’s decision. Does having an expert third party involved in custody and access decisions offer the Judge a different perspective or simply reinforce what he or she already knows? Review of research on the Psychologist’s role in custody and access disputes demonstrates that the Psychologist does play an integral part in assisting families caught in litigation in forming a parenting plan that is in the best interest of the child or children of the marriage (Covell, 1999; Emery, Laumann-Billings, Waldron, Sbarra Dillon, 2001; Sorenson, Golman, Sheeber, Albanese, Ward, Williamson, McDanal, 1997). The use of a third party expert in litigation is not a new concept and should be more widely used when it comes to family law. Research indicates there to be greater satisfaction in families that go through litigation compared to those who go through mediation and greater satisfaction yet when families have an independent third party to assist in developing a parenting regime (Covell, 1999; Emery et al., 2001; Sorenson et al., 1997). Summary of Research The Law When examining family law matters we must understand the law as set out in the Family Law Act which came into effect on October 1, 2005 (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). The Family Law Act is intended to focus on the needs of child or children of the relationship and to put those needs first, it is also intended to streamline the Court process by encouraging the resolution of issues through mediation (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Under the Family Law Act the word â€Å"parenting† has replaced the words â€Å"custody and access,† this is intended to reflect that parenting is still the responsibility of both parents regardless of the breakdown of their relationship. Parents are to continue to share guardianship of their child or children after their separation until they agree on a parenting plan or the Court orders otherwise. The Court reserves the right to intervene where necessary and appropriate (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Practice Note 7 allows for the Alberta Courts to appoint a Psychologist to a family law case for either an Assessment or Intervention. The Psychologist is referred to as an independent parenting expert and is appointed when in family matters there is no resolution possible and the Court needs an objective professional opinion to assist in looking out for the best interests of the child or children involved, the Court may also appoint an independent parenting expert to expedite and facilitate a resolution of specific issues that are better resolved in a non-adversarial fashion (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). When an Assessment is used in matters of child custody the independent parenting expert will examine both parent and child and provide his recommendations with respect to which parenting arrangement is in the best interest of each child. The expert will take into consideration the results of psychological testing, the mental health of the individuals being examined as well as any issues identified by the Courts as set out in the Assessment Order. The parenting expert may provide his or her input into the parameters of the Assessment and whether or not an Intervention may be more appropriate (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Similar to an Assessment, for an Intervention an independent parenting expert will usually make his recommendation to the Court as to what he feels is appropriate for that particular case. There are several forms of Intervention, which include, but are not limited to, counseling, therapy, educational sessions such as Parenting After Separation, evaluation and recommendations. The expert may determine a parenting plan that is agreeable to all parties involved or he may terminate the Intervention if he feels it is not going to be useful (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Research Covell (1999) argues that the existing system used in custody decisions is not really in the best interest of the child. In examining the current Canadian system she examines both cases with Psychologists involved and cases without. Covell indicates that the child’s best interests are best represented when a Parenting Plan is put to use. The underlying assumptions associated with having a Parenting Plan approach are as follows: parents enter the divorce process with little understanding of the impact it will have on themselves as well as their children; parents become self-absorbed during the divorce process and forget the best interests of their children; there will be future conflict between the parents; and that it is in the best interest of the child to have both parents involved in the parenting process. The assumptions as set out above are true to most custody cases and therefore a Parenting Plan tends to offer a long-term solution to custody arrangements, which in turn more often offers greater stability to the child or children involved. Emery et al. (2001) examines follow-up data obtained twelve years after either mediation or litigation in custody disputes. In this study litigation was not broken down into cases in which a Psychologist was involved and cases in which one was not. Mediation was provided through a court appointed mediator, not a Psychologist. In contrasting litigation to mediation Emery et al. found similar to Covell that those who went through litigation were able to stick to a parenting plan over a greater period of time offering more stability to the child or children of the relationship. Those who went through litigation found that there was more satisfaction amongst each parent resulting in less post-decision conflict. Sorenson et al. (1997) examines a study of sixty families involved in contested custody cases in the State of Florida. Of the sixty families studied the most common custody arrangement involved granting one parent primary residency. They found that there was almost equal distribution of judges granting primary residency mothers and fathers; however, judges were more likely to grant primary residency to fathers when a Psychologist was involved. Without the involvement of a Psychologist it was noted that the judge would most often go with the State’s presumption of shared custody based on the child’s interests. Overall the research supports and emphasizes that there is greater satisfaction with the use of the expert testimony from a Psychologist in assisting the Courts in custody decisions. Faust and Ziskin (1988) are skeptics when it comes to forensic psychology and its relevance in law. They claim that the instability of method and theory inhibits the accumulation of scientific knowledge. Faust and Ziskin offer several arguments against the use of expert testimonies in the courtroom. Studies they reviewed show that clinicians’ error rate exceeded their accuracy rate. Also in research reviewed clinicians generally are not experienced in the forensic role because they are more familiar with the role of helping patients. Faust and Ziskin feel that the clinician’s tendency to empathize with people will cloud the Court’s decision. Lastly, they believe that clinicians tend to overvalue supportive evidence and undervalue counterevidence, which leads to the presumption of abnormality when it might not be there. Overall, Faust and Ziskin believe that the expert’s testimony will reflect personal biases and can mislead the Courts. Analysis and Critique The research cited above is a small portion of the research that exists in the area of forensic psychology specifically family law. While Covell, Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. investigate the Psychologist’s role in custody decisions based on the satisfaction of the parties involved after the litigation process, Faust and Ziskin examine the process itself looking at the clinician’s role as opposed to the outcome. Both methods of research although different have a consistent theme. It seems that bias exists throughout the legal system and when one adds an expert third party it adds the possibility of greater bias. When comparing the research of Covell, Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. it is evident that structure increases satisfaction as well a stability in the outcome of custody cases. Covell offered mainly suggestion of the best approach to psychology in family law stemming from her research of the child’s best interest that in some regards is a bit of a stretch from the data used. Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. relied on surveys from longitudinal studies post-custody decision, the groups were between thirty-five and sixty all randomly selected which reduces researcher bias but increases variables. Suggestions for Future Research With the amount of variables that exist in family law it would be ideal to have a study longitudinally examining families who have gone through the litigation process for custody arrangements comparing the outcomes of cases using a Psychologist and those that do not. The families would need to be of similar socioeconomic status, have the same number of children and have parents who reside in the same city. Also, for consistency, it could be useful to ensure that families studied have similar family structure post-divorce i.e. having step-parents/siblings etc. A longitudinal study allows us to understand what truly works and what does not in terms of child custody arrangements over a long period of time. Although somewhat unrealistic, it would all be interesting and informative to do a comparison of a Judge’s decision for custody in comparison to a Psychologist’s recommendations when given the same case and track the discrepancies between the two using several cases and several Judges and Psychologists in the same area. This would allow not only for the Psychologists and Judges to be compared but it would give insight into the discrepancies that exist within each profession. Opinion When reaching a custody agreement between parents is impossible litigation is the best option. Litigation offers a structured environment to resolve family law conflict. In a litigated case, when there are expressed concerns about emotional or psychological problems that adversely effect parenting abilities or the childrens emotional well-being, or when the parties’ conflicts have become such that their hostility impedes any progress towards settlement, the services of a psychologist will be called upon by the Court to assist the decision-making process. The goal of the Court appointed Psychologist is to provide recommendations and input that can provide a basis for informed settlement discussions on residency and parenting plans that meet the individual needs of the family involved in the litigation. The structure of the Family Law Act incorporating Practice Note 7 creates a system where there is less inter-parental conflict and likely to be more meaningful involvement of both parents in the child’s life through an agreed to Court Ordered parenting plan. Through litigation using a psychologist it results in less re-litigation and therefore less disruption to the child’s well being (Covell, 1999). Conclusion Although it is difficult to track and research the role of the Psychologist in family law custody matters the research reviewed in this paper indicates that there is little negative to come from having an expert independant third party assist the Courts decision. Faust and Ziskin (1988) do identify that each party brings their own biases into the puzzle but the other research examined herein acknowledges the same and concludes that despite the potential bias, greater good comes from the Psychologists involvement. Whether a Psychologist appointed by the Court uses an intervention or assessment style to report to the Court he provides support to both the parents and child or children involved in what can be a very emotional experience. In addition to providing support to the family the Psychologist can assist both the parents and the Court to identify the best interests of the child which is the focus of the Family Law Act. References Alberta Court Family Justice. (2005). Alberta’s family law act: an overview. Retrieved November 11, 2006, from albertacourts.ab.ca/cs/familyjustice/ FLA Overview.pdf Covell, K. (1999). Promoting parenting plans: a new role for the psychologist as expert in custody disputes. Expert Evidence 7,113-126. Emery, R., Laumann-Billings, L., Waldron, M., Sbarra, D., and Dillon, P. (2001). Child custody mediation and litgation: custody, contact and coparenting 12 years after initial dispute resolution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,69 (2), 323-332 Faust, D., Ziskin, J. (1988). The expert witness in psychology and psychiatry. Science, 241, 31-35. Schuller, R., Ogloff, J. (Eds). (2002). Introduction to psychology and the law Canadian perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Sorenson, E., Golman, J., Sheeber, L., Albanese, I., Ward, M., Williamson, L and McDanal, C. (1997). Judges reliance on psychological, sociological and legal variables in contested custody decisions. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage 27(1/2), 1-25. Research Papers on The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody BattlesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

B. Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

B. Activity - Essay Example This way, I would be able to figure out how different Nora is compared to the rest of her classmates in terms of the level of creativity, resourcefulness, and especially the manner by which she expresses herself as well as the content of all her responses. Her degree of responsiveness on certain issues discussed would aid me in detecting an aspect of her conflict. Moreover, I would continue to keep in touch with Nora’s friend in private for updates and probably ask how Nora is coping with her concerns at home or any parts of the community beyond school. I think it might help to advise Nora’s friend to stay by her side during the moments she appears disturbed or bothered to see how his or her comforting presence may prevent any tendencies of self-infliction by Nora. If I can get her to open up to me what the real problem is behind her cutting of wrist in this process, my role as a teacher I suppose could go as far as communicating with her parents, yet only at the hint of her consent or whenever she feels ready. Meanwhile, I ought to proceed teaching the class, of which Nora is part, the essence not merely of academic endeavor but even the values associated with overcoming life’s